Extractability utilization for soil-plant metal bioavailability predictions in contamined lands

J. Kubováa,b, Peter Matúša,b, M. Bujdoša,b, Hagarováa,b, J. Medveďa,b, M. Matulováa,b, B. Farkasa,b, Z. Gonekováa,b, K. Hyunjungc and M. Uríka,b

a Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia

b Slovak Spectroscopic Society, member of the Association of Slovak Scientific and Technological Societies, Slovakia

c Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea

peter.matus@uniba.sk

The prediction of soil-plant metal bioavailability using the chemical extractions is a conventional approach routinely used in soil testing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adequacy of optimized BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) three-step sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and single extraction with dilute HCl for the prediction of the soil pollutants effects affected by different anthropogenic sources of the acidification. These procedures were used after their validation to obtain the distribution of both the major (Al, Fe, Mn) and trace (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) risk metals in acid soils. The contamined soil and plant samples were collected from three different acidified sites of . Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was used for determination of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) was used for determination of Cd, Ni, Pb at low concentration levels. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was used for Al. As was measured by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS). The results show that Mn, Cd and Zn are the most phytoavailable from all nine studied metals in all three acidified ecosystems. These metals are significantly absorbed and accumulated by almost all given plants (grass Festuca Rubra, blueberry Vaccinium Myrtillus L., blackberry Rubus fruticosus) and their individual parts. In contrast to this fact Al, As, Pb and Fe are mostly inert to the plant ability to take up these metals in spite of the finding that both As and Pb occur in the soils on sampling sites at very high concentration levels. In certain conditions the studied plants can be remark as the bioanalytical tools for in situ separation of phytoavailable metals species directly in the ecosystem and the calculated soil-plant transfer coefficients represent the yields of such bioseparations. They express the ratio of partial soil metal concentration separated by the plants (represented by total plant metal concent) to total soil metal content. In this case the studied plants can be considered for the long-term extraction medium. Also the analyte phytoaccumulation can play the important role in such phytoseparations what it is reflected by the soil-plant transfer coefficients higher than 100 %. Therefore the calculated soil-plant transfer coefficients can be compared with the extraction yield data of all steps and their sums of optimized BCR SEP and single extraction by dilute HCl applied to soil samples. Based on these results it could be classified the relative mobility of studied metals in different soil systems. The work was supported by the of the Slovak Republic Ministry of Education and the Slovak Academy of Sciences under contract Nos. VEGA 1/0153/17, 1/0164/17, 1/0146/18, 1/0354/19 and 1/0390/19 and by Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract No. SK-KR-18-0003.

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