Heavy metal pollution in sulfide mineralized area was increasingly concerned. In the present study, the pollution characteristics and health risk of Hg, As, Tl and Sb were assessed based on heavy metal concentrations in soils and crops in the Tl-rich sulphide mineralized Lanmuchang area, using the enrichment factor and potential ecological risk index that were calculated to quantitatively assess the potential hazards of Hg, As, Tl and Sb. The results showed that average concentrations of Hg, Tl and As exceed the threshold value of Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for soils. The potential ecological risk index showed that pollution levels were in the order of Tl＞Hg＞As＞Sb for agricultural soils. The enrichment factor of heavy metals ranked in the order of Hg＞Tl＞As＞Sb in soils close to the Tl-rich sulfide mine. Local mining activities have significant influenced on heavy metal accumulation in soils and crops. Moreover, human health risk assessment indicated that noncarcinogenic values of Hg, As and Sb exceeded the threshold values, and carcinogenic value for As was higher than the safe value (1×10^-6). The main exposure pathway of Hg, As and Sb for both children and adults is ingestion of soil particles. Calculation of heavy metal ingestion via crops showed that Brassica Oleracea might have potential health risk because of high enrichment for Tl. The results may provide basic knowledge and guidelines for metal pollution remediation in this area.