Rice is a staple food for half population of the world, but also a major dietary source of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to reduce both Cd and As in rice grain for human health. By using different approaches, many transporters involved in the transport of Cd and As from soil to the grain have been identified in rice. Recently, attempts have been made to reduce As and Cd accumulation through manipulation of relevant transporters. For example, knockout of OsNramp5, a major transporter for Cd uptake has resulted in significant reduction of Cd in rice grain although the effect on yield was not consistent between different studies. Several studies consistently showed that over-expression of OsHMA3, a tonoplast-localized transporter for vacuolar Cd sequestration resulted in decreased Cd accumulation in rice grain without yield penalty. On the other hand, knockout of Lsi1 and Lsi2, two transporters for arsenite and Si in rice, decreased accumulation of As, but also showed negative effect on the yield because Si uptake was also hampered. Recently, over-expression of OsABCC1, a node-based transporter for As distribution, under control of specific promoter, resulted in effective reduction of As in rice grain. Recent progress on molecular breeding of low-Cd rice by using low-Cd alleles will also be presented at the symposium.