Elements including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) are widely dispersed in the environment naturally or anthropogenically by agricultural and industrial activities. Once absorbed, they are being persistent in human body with long excretion half lives for decades and thus classified as potentially toxic elements. Food consumption was the main pathway for human exposure to toxic elements compared to inhalation and dermal contact. Thus the accumulation of toxic elements in the environment was of increasing concern due to food safety issues and potential health risks. Wild growing mushrooms have been consumed as a delicacy in Europe and Asia due to their savorous taste, aroma and species heterogeneity as well as therapeutic effect in preventing diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cancer. Accessible studies concerned elements in mushrooms from nutritional point and observed trace elements Hg, Cd and Pb. In recent decades, statutory limits for metals in wild edible mushrooms have been established, e.g. 0.2 and 0.3 mg kg^-1 (FW) for Cd and Pb, 5.0, 2.0 and 10.0 mg kg^-1 (DM) for Hg, Cd and Pb. In addition, further elements limits were also established, 3.0, 4.0, 80, 80 and 80 mg kg^-1 (DM) for As, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn, respectively. The health risks of metals depend more on bioavailability instead of total content, however, limited studies elucidated their health risk for humans. In addition, limited information about speciation and distribution of mushroom trace elements was available. Moreover, more attention was put on cultivated mushrooms, less focus on the wild growing ones. Commonly, element contents in mushrooms are species- and/or growing stages-dependent, thus waiting for investigated. Therefore, the aims of the study were to: 1) analysis elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn) contents in wild edible mushrooms growing in naturally high background substrates; 2) determine trace elements content in multiple species and changes during growing stages; 3) examine elements speciation and distribution; and 4) propose numeric contributive information on the proportion of element speciation from total content on bioavailability and human health risk. The uppermost layer of 10 cm depth soil will be sampled and analyzed for trace elements. The wild edible mushrooms of different growth stages will analyzed for trace elements total content, speciation, and distribution. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) will be calculated to express the ability of mushrooms to accumulate elements and elements soil-to-mushroom bioavailability. In vitro and in vivo experiments will be involved to examine mushroom elements bioavailability to human and to calculate the numeric contributive of the proportion of element speciation from total content in bioavailability. Basing on this, credible human risk assessment will be proposed.