Heavy metal distribution and accumulation in maize crop grown on battery wastes contaminated soil as influenced by compost application and crop growth stage

Sifau Adenike Adejumo 1 and A. O. Togun1

1Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, NIGERIA,

2Department of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan

nikade_05@yahoo.com

Effect of Mexican sunflower compost (MSC) and Cassava peel compost (CPC) applied at 0, 20 and 40t/ha and plant age on heavy metal (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr ) uptake by maize crop grown on heavy metal contaminated soil was assessed. Inorganic fertilizer (NPK; 20:10:10) at 100 kgN/ha and compost at 0 t/ha served as checks. Maize plants were analysed for Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr concentrations at one and two month(s) after planting (i.e 1MAP, 2MAP) and at harvesting. Results showed that maize plant accumulated more Pb than other metals while Cr was least accumulated and was only detected in the root of the harvested maize plants. Control plants had the highest concentrations of all these metals at 1MAP and 2MAP compared to compost treatments. The metal concentration in the root was generally higher than that of the shoot. Though, there was no plant from the control plots, but MSC compost application reduced the Pb concentration in maize seeds; MSC20 (152 mg/kg) and MSC40 (174 mg/kg), compared to CPC treatments. Unlike what was observed for the Pb distribution, Cd concentrations in the leaves of maize crops from compost treatments (MSC20, MSC40 and CPC40) were more than those of the roots, though reduced at 2MAP. Zinc mobility to the leaf at IMAP was lower than that of 2MAP, especially in the MSC compost treatments. Cr mobility to the above ground parts was restricted with compost application compared to control and F1 treatments and was not detected in the above ground parts at harvesting and was only detected in the root of maize plant from CPC20 treatment. Metal concentration and distribution in plant was found to depend on the type, maize growth stage and soil nutrient levels. Amendment with compost enhanced maize growth and reduced heavy metal accumulation by maize crop.

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