In order to explore the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation in farmland soils in Yunnan Province. The contents of Pb、Cd、Cu and Zn in 24 counties in Yunnan Province were investigated by field survey sampling, laboratory measurement and statistical analysis. The results showed that the average total Pb、Cd、Cu and Zn contents of 239 soil sampling points in this study respectively were 69.30 mg/kg、1.412 mg/kg、82.87 mg/kg and 189.11 mg/kg. And the average available contents of Pb、Cd、Cu and Zn respectively were 23.81 mg/kg、0.572 mg/kg、3.69 mg/kg and 11.27 mg/kg. The available contents of Pb、Cd、Cu and Zn in the soil respectively accounted for 34.35%、40.52%、4.45% and 5.96% of the total amount. The soil organic matter content ranged from 4.22g/kg to 76.97g/kg, the average content was 27.76g/kg. The soil pH range was 4.49~8.23, and the average value was 7.19. According to the “Soil Environmental Quality, Soil Pollution Risk Control Standards for Agricultural Lands”, the proportions of soil Pb、Cd、Cu and Zn exceeding the risk screening value respectively were 9.21%、61.09%、19.25% and 15.06%. According to the correlation analysis, total Pb、Cd、Cu and Zn in soil were significantly positive correlated with their effective states, and the correlation coefficients respectively were 0.884^**、0.832^**、0.508^** and 0.254^**. There was a significant negative correlation between soil total Pb, available Pb, total Cd, available Zn and soil pH, and the correlation coefficients were -0.174^**、-0.163^*、-0.204^*、-0.163^*. The soil total Pb、Cd、Cu and Zn and its available state were a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter. The correlation coefficients respectively were 0.249^**、0.212^**、0.188^**、0.157^*、0.204^**、0.214^**、0.148^*、0.234^**. It can be seen that soil Cd has a higher rate of exceeding the standard and the heavy metal content of soil is closely related to soil pH and organic matter.