Food habits, or more generally food consumption, with special reference to agro-food products, have always been linked to the territory of production. The close relationship food-land, stemming from socio-cultural factors and availability of local resources, has weakened over time due to globalization, leading to a conformity of eating habits in all regions. Consumers have shown renewed interest in the geographical provenience of agro-food products, as result of the reduction of confidence in the quality and safety of food produced outside their region, country or even continent. In this context, since 1993, the EU has had a system in place for Protected Geographical Indications (PGI). In Italy, where the cultivation of lemon is widely diffused in the south, the “Limone di Sorrento” (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. cv “Ovale di Sorrento”) has been awarded as PGI (with an annual production of about 1092 tons recorded in 2017) recognizing its quality and ancient cultural characteristics of cultivation on terraces overlooking the sea of the Sorrento peninsula. Moreover, the Limone di Sorrento is known all over the world being the raw material for the production of the famous “Limoncello di Sorrento” liqueur. Our study is aimed to apply various analytical methods to assess geographical origin and authenticity of Sorrento lemon fruits to protect them from frauds with lemons of other geographical origin. This work reports the content of 16 trace elements, measured by acid digestion plus ICP-MS, in lemon juices of “Ovale di Sorrento” collected from three different production areas of Campania Region and tests the efficacy and robustness of a chemometric approach of geographic traceability to discriminate the elemental profiles of “Limone di Sorrento” PGI. The best model, achieving 100% of correct reclassification, was based on 12 elements (Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba) showing an optimal discrimination between the 3 lemon groups with different geographical provenience. The model was cross-validated with satisfactory results (97,5% of correct reclassification). The elemental profiles of lemons at different stages of maturity were assessed. The application of the model not only for tracing the geographical provenience of lemon fruits but also for protecting them from frauds (PGI and NO-PGI) is highlighted. The relationship with the elemental compositions and characteristics of related soils is also under investigation. Further comparison to discriminate other lemon fruit cultivars originating from Italy and other countries are in progress.