Potential of siderophore-producing bacteria for improving willow growth and cadmium uptake in hydroponics

Liyan Tiana and R. Jia

a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

liyantian88@126.com

Cadmium (Cd) is not an essential element for plant metabolism and may pose threats to soil-dwelling organisms and human health. Human exposure to low levels of Cd can result in kidney damage as well as lung, bone, cardiovascular system, liver and reproductive system damage. The Cd-contaminated soils have become more prevalent than before, largely due to contamination from metallurgical factories, waste disposal, heating processes and agricultural applications. Whereas, phytoremediation has been proved to be a potential cost-effective solution for the remediation of contaminated soils. According to previous studies, willow has a high efficacy of accumulation of Cd in hydroponics conditions and could represent a prospective tree for remediating polluted soils. Evidence exists that Cd and certain nutrient elements, such as Fe and Mg, could share similar mechanisms of plant uptake and accumulation. Previous paper show that Mg and Fe deficiency in mature plants of willow (Salix Viminalis), grown in hydroponic solutions containing 5 μg ml-1 of Cd, caused a significant increase in Cd accumulation in roots, stems and leaves. Although Cd uptake was mostly confined in roots, high Cd content in aerial plant parts indicates that the analysed Salix viminalis genotype is suitable for phytoextraction. Besides, many soil bacteria are tolerant to heavy metals and play important roles in mobilization of heavy metals. Thus, comparing with phytoremediation, plants and microbe is emerging as a fast, more efficient and reliable approach for the estimation of the bioaccessibility of heavy metals in soils. Here we report that the benefits of combining siderophore-producing bacteria (SPB) with plants for metal removal. Metal-resistant SPB play an important role in the successful survival and growth of plants in contaminated soils by alleviating the metal toxicity and supplying the plant with nutrients, particularly iron. Furthermore, bacterial siderophores are able to bind metals other than iron and thus enhance their bioavailability in the rhizosphere of plants. finally, an increase in plant growth and metal uptake will further enhance the effectiveness of phytoremediation processes. Therefore, isolating corresponding bacteria is a of key importance for making decisions concerning soil remediation. Currently, there were some SPB were isolated by chrome azurol S (CAS) soild medium from Cd-contaminated soils sampled from Huize County in China. The maximium siderophore concentration of them is Y12-D-1 bacteria, reaching up to 90.6 mM DFOB (equiv.). This corresponds to tens of micromoles to a few millimoles per liter if a relative molecular mass of 1000 is assumed for siderophores. Then the siderophore produced by Y12-D-1 will be used in hydroponic experiment to examine the ability of it in improving Cd bioavailability and enhancing willow growth.

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