As the commercial importance and prevalence of rare earth elements (REE) in consumer products grows, information about REE concentrations in the indoor environment has become increasingly relevant. Household dust acts as a sink for a wide variety of compounds from consumer products, building materials and outdoor sources, and is a useful medium for assessing residential exposures. This study investigated potential human exposure to REE in household dust via the inhalation and ingestion exposure pathways. Household dust from homes in 13 cities across Canada was fractionated to collect a particle size fraction amenable for inhalation exposure (< 10 µm). Dust was characterised using standard wet chemistry methodologies with elemental composition quantified using ICP-MS. Potential REE exposure was assessed using an inhalation in vitro assay encompassing Hatch’s solution as a simulated lung fluid. The inhalation assay was linked to the ingestion pathway by extending the assay to include gastrointestinal (GI) solutions. This simulated a scenario where following inhalation, household dust was cleared from the lung, swallowed and passed through the GI tract. In addition, inhalation exposure was assessed using artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) a commonly utilised simulated lung fluid for the assessment of inhalation bioaccessibility. Among the REE, cerium (Ce; 11.5-552 mg kg^-1), lanthanum (La; 7.7-426 mg kg^-1), neodymium (Nd; 1.3-54.2 mg kg^-1) and praseodymium (Pr; 3.9-127 mg kg^-1) were most prevalent with higher concentrations (p < 0.05) observed in homes of smokers compared to non-smokers. This was attributed to particles of mischmetal alloy emitted from cigarette lighter flints. When REE inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed using Hatch’s solution, Ce, La, Nd and Pr solubility was negligible; values were indistinguishable from background noise. However, following the transition from lung to gastric phase (simulating mucociliary clearance), REE bioaccessibility increased significantly ranging from 4-77%. Higher bioaccessibility (%) was observed in dust from non-smoking verses smoking households, presumably due to differences in REE speciation as a consequence of mischmetal alloy emissions. REE bioaccessibility decreased when in vitro conditions were modified to reflect the intestinal phase as a consequence of precipitation events resulting from the increase in in vitro pH (4-29%). Significantly higher inhalation REE bioaccessibility was observed when the fluid composition was changed from Hatch’s solution to ALF (1-46%) as a consequence of ALF’s lower pH (4.5 versus 7.4). Variability in REE bioaccessibility suggests that REE source is an important parameter influencing dissolution in biological fluids which may impact on human health exposure via inhalation and ingestion pathways.